What are the elements of a map?

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Map Elements

The map contains a number of elements, as follows:

the frame

Where the frame should take the form of a square or rectangle based on the area to be drawn on the map, provided that all details appear in high resolution within the frame, and this means that no phenomenon within the map is overlooked or neglected. or leaving a white area inside the frame.

How to draw a map frame

As for how to draw the frame, two double frames are drawn by drawing two parallel straight lines, where the inner line is less than the width of the outer frame and the map frame is drawn so that it is parallel to the middle line on it, to determine the area (area) to be drawn, and the shape of the map depends on the ability to draw its

northbound

The direction of north is drawn outside the map guide, it is next to it to the north, west or east, because where the map allows, any symbol, shape or arrow that appears and represents the direction of the north is placed. north.

Sometimes it is enough to put the letter (S) above the arrow or the letter (N: North) and at the end of it a column is drawn to indicate the direction of east and west, while its reverse from below indicates the direction from South. Plotting the direction of north is one of the necessary things that must be provided to the map.

map key

Or guide map, which is a key or guide through which you can access to know what the map consists of, understand its content and interpret it, clarifying human and natural phenomena through special symbols.

Symbols and idioms

The map markers and symbols are placed inside the guide box, so that each symbol is written and next to it carries the meaning to which it refers. Iron and many other phenomena.

As for other unknown phenomena, they must be recorded and placed inside the evidence box by drawing small squares and rectangles written next to the sign of each one.

map direction

It is a clearly written address that represents the details and information contained in the map, and this address is written at the top of the guide, especially in the central region, and what distinguishes this address is that it is written in bold more larger than the lines that are used inside the map, and which are often located outside the frame and completely below the map, and sometimes some write it on top of the map.

drawing scale

The scale of the drawing is defined as the ratio between the lengths measured on the drawing (map) and the lengths measured on the real one, that is, it is the length on the map divided by the real length on the ground. Among the most important types of drawing scales are:

Direct (written) scale: This is one of the simplest types of scale, where written words are used to express the units of measurement on the map and the corresponding units used in reality.

Graphic or relative scale: This type of scale is one of the best known and most used scales, since it shows the relationship between the units of measurement on the graph and its equivalent in reality, using the image of the fraction in the form of a numerator and a denominator, where the numerator represents the number one, which is the scale on the graph, and the denominator is a number that represents True as a measure of truth, such as the following examples: 50000/1, 100000/1, 50000/1 , this is in the case of a graphic scale, but in the case of a relative scale, it is written as a ratio, using the ratio symbol: 50,000:1, 100,000:1, and so on.

Simple linear scale: where a straight line is drawn on the map, divided into equal parts, where the values of the longitudes are actually expressed. The best and best drawing scales.

map definition

A map is defined as a micrograph of the earth's surface or part of it. This map was drawn on a flat surface with symbols, scale and projection defined by the type of area to be represented. It can also be a drawing of one of the natural or human phenomena, or it can be both. The map can be called by other names and terms, such as the term cartography, since this term is derived from two Greek words (Chartus: paper plate), (Graphein: illustrated or written by drawing), and therefore the meaning of cartography is : writing using drawing on the plate, and it was famous This term universally means cartography.

With the progress and development of technology, cartography has been divided into several branches, the most important being those related to the creation of marine and topographic maps, and cartography has experienced great progress in recent years in the methods of representation Quantitative in distribution maps.

Map types

There are many types of maps, including political, topographical, and physical maps, as well as old road maps. Here is an explanation of some of these types:

Political Maps: A map showing the boundaries, units, and political features of an area, including major roads, states, and counties. Regarding the size of the political map, it varies in size depending on the area it covers, some cover an entire continent, others a country, etc.

Topographic Map: A type of map that shows measurable heights and contains the same elements as on any normal map, such as the north arrow and scale.

The importance of the map

In the modern era, the map is a language that many people understand and know how to use. The importance of the map lies in many areas, including:

It is exchanged between geographers, soil scientists, economists and ecologists, as well as between sociologists and geologists.

Technicians and engineers use it to plan engineering projects in proportion to the nature of the environment surrounding these projects, such as roads, reservoirs, and rivers.

Maps are important for farmers because they classify the soil and study the areas where it can be exploited.

Maps are useful to geologists because they contribute to the study of mining projects and how to exploit them for natural wealth.

Maps are important in military operations as the military can understand the correct places to defend and the correct places to attack.

conclusion:

There is a set of elements that basically make up the map, the most important are; Frame, map title, north direction, scale by which the real dimensions can be known, map key, symbols and idiomatic signs.

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