stages of oil extraction

 

petroleum

Petroleum, a Greek word meaning rock, is a flammable liquid naturally made up of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other liquid organic compounds. It is extracted from the ground in several stages, starting with locating it to work on its extraction with the necessary equipment, and in this article we will mention these stages.

 stages of oil extraction

• Determining the location of the field: Scientists search for geological structures that can form oil reservoirs through seismic studies, the traditional method of this process is to cause an explosion in a nearby underground area, and wait for the seismic response that provides information on the geology.  structures located underground, there are other methods and tools to search for oil, such as devices that measure gravity and magnetism, the extraction of crude oil begins with the drilling of wells in the reservoir. 

•  Drilling: An oil well is constructed by using an oil rig to drill a long hole in the ground, and a steel tube is placed inside this hole for the structural integrity of the well. 

•  Oil extraction and extraction: Oil extraction has two stages: primary and secondary. In the first stage, the tank is stimulated as a result of a series of natural mechanisms, namely: the placement of water in the well instead of oil, and the diffusion of natural gas at the top of the tank.  The extraction factor at this stage is usually 5-15%.

 After some time has passed since the well was drilled and the oil was extracted in the primary stage, the natural pressure to extract and push it becomes insufficient, so the secondary stage must begin to extract it and depend on the supply of the tank abroad. .  Energy through the injection of fluids to increase the pressure in them, thus replacing the natural thrust of the tank with industrial thrust, or increasing this normal thrust.  The extraction rate after primary and secondary extraction is between 35-45%.

The origin of petroleum

This liquid arose from source rocks during ancient geological times, due to the transformation of organic materials rich in hydrogen and organic carbon into oil as a result of high temperatures as a result of the continuous burial of rock layers, and is also formed by some materials without carbon. Compounds such as nitrogen, sulfur and nickel.

Most oil-producing countries

• Saudi Arabia, with a production of 11,153 barrels.

• Russia has a production volume of 10,229 barrels.

• USA, with a production of 10,132 barrels.

• China, with a production of 4,336 barrels.

• Iran, with a production of 4,234 barrels.