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The characteristics of the agricultural environment

Aoussedj Ali
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 The characteristics of the agricultural environment

People tend to go when buying agricultural land to choose land with excellent specifications, for example, that the soil is good, the area has a temperate climate, a good location, and even when the purpose of buying the land is limited to animal husbandry, The buyer generally prefers agricultural land that is capable of producing high-quality pasture for animal feed, the most important characteristics of agricultural land are explained in detail below:

the soil

Soil is the fertile substrate for any agricultural land, however, not all types of soil are suitable for growing agricultural crops. The ideal soil for cultivation consists of 4 main components: water, air, organic components and mineral components, preferably concentrations of sand between 0.05 - 2 mm, silt between 0.002 - 0. 05 mm and clay in amounts less than 0.002 mm. , and the presence of these components in consistent proportions to each other, helps retain water in the soil in adequate amounts and drain the surplus, and helps oxygen to reach the root zone, and helps with effective nutrients and facilitates the growth of plants, so it contributes to providing the necessary support for the plant to complete its growth, and the proportions of these components vary from one soil to another, this is due to factors that contribute directly and overlap each other in the soil formation, namely: the original constituent of the material soil, the time of year, the climate, the living organisms present in it and the topography of the land. 

Soils are generally evaluated based on their fixed and variable properties, and the properties of fixed soils reflect the inherent and intrinsic properties of a particular site, such as soil texture and mineral content, and its classification, so that these properties are influenced by geology.  The history of the region and its climatic conditions, with the identification of its productive characteristics and environmental quality. The plot of land is determined by several factors, including: topography, hydrology (hydrology), and climate. As for variable soil properties, they refer to properties that can change over relatively short periods of time, perhaps months, years, or decades, and changing soil properties come to the fore in evaluating soil quality.  ; Because it changes very fast, sometimes very fast, and in general, the changing properties of the soil give an indication that the land can be used permanently for agricultural and environmental purposes.

discharge

A soil with good and fast drainage of rainwater when it rains is the best for the growth of agricultural crops as it helps to protect the plants from many different diseases such as stem or root rot, infestation of agricultural pests or the appearance of mold. or his death.  Its drainage creates a fertile environment for the reproduction of nuisance leaf-eating insects, such as aphids, mosquitoes and beetles. Perlite, sand, manure, other minerals, and organic matter can be added to improve drainage of farmland. This process can be time consuming and expensive, so the ability of the soil to drain water should not be taken into account when purchasing agricultural land.

the climate

Climate is one of the main factors affecting the agricultural process, and this lies in its effect on all components of crop production, including the area planted or to be harvested, and crop density, which is the number of crops produced during a period.  The basic elements of the climate differ from one region to another, such as: precipitation, frost formation, temperature, wind speed and the possibility of hail, which affects the quality and production of agricultural crops. 

  Farm-related organizations often provide a series of maps that help farmers know which crops are suitable for the climate of their farmland. The principle of operation of these maps is to divide the regions into regions based on temperature, with a difference of 10 degrees Celsius between each region, from which it grows only in cold environments.

regression

Farmland owners tend to opt for flat land with no slope; To make it easier to plow the land and to ensure that the equipment works safely, the slope of the land may not be a real problem for those who want to raise cattle on such land, but land that is too steep, which may appear to be non-plowing , require the development of certain strategies to manage their productivity and who is responsible for their management, it is recommended to cooperate with farmers who work on sloping land and who want to grow crops that require constant tillage of the land with the national institutions concerned.  Conservation Services, to develop a solid plan for soil conservation, making artificial depressions around plants to control water runoff, and planting some grasses in strips on hillsides to prevent soil erosion.

Location

Light is one of the most important needs of plants, since they depend on light in the process of photosynthesis to generate the energy necessary for their growth and reproduction, so it is necessary to take into account some issues related to light.  when choosing the right agricultural crop. terrain, such as the direction and amount of sunlight across the agricultural land Shaded areas of the land, which may be formed due to the presence of hills or trees that are not intended for agriculture or construction, and these areas may not be a real problem in the summer.  Since sunlight reaches plants in large amounts and for long periods, it can create some problems at other times of the year when the photoperiod starts to decline. For example, vegetables should be grown in areas fully exposed to sunlight, where they need at least 6 hours of direct sun exposure per day to grow and give a good harvest, and it is generally preferable to stay away from vegetable production.  on the edges of farmland; Because they are often in the shade, they will be exposed to sunlight for fewer hours during the day, slowing down crop growth and thus lowering production. 

In the case of allocating land for livestock, shaded land may become the best option, since the bodies of the cattle can be affected by high temperatures during direct exposure to them, since the meat of the cattle begins to suffer stress.  physiological when the temperature exceeds 26.6 degrees centigrade, so the recommendations in this regard indicate the need to provide 1.85 - 3.72 m 2 of shade for each animal, and provide plenty of water to avoid heat stress.

The orientation of the sloping terrain plays an important role in determining the amount of light that reaches it. Land that slopes to the south will receive more sunlight and be a few degrees warmer than other areas, and this will help the land dry out faster in the spring and provide warmer weather for vegetables.  It needs heat, while north-sloping land is cooler because it is exposed to less sunlight.

Previous Uses

Farmers and agricultural landowners seek a glimpse into the history of their land; For patterns related to water and temperature, good farmland is land with plenty of water throughout the year, such as near a water hole, stream, or creek, as drought can affect farmland in summer and it is a problem that the owners of agricultural land try to avoid, on the other hand, knowing the places exposed to the sun, and the average temperature in them, can give a clear idea of the crops in which it can be developed well, so that it is necessary to seek  from the experiences of people who farmed this land before, they knew from personal experience which crops are suitable for growing in that area and which are not, and if they have used any.  Specific chemical products for agricultural purposes.








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