What is electrical engineering?

Electrical engineering major

Electrical engineering is defined as a branch of engineering that deals with the practical application of electricity in all its forms including electronic applications; Where electrical engineering deals with photovoltaic power devices and systems, and is based on the design and development of electrical machinery and equipment, and new electrical control systems, as well as troubleshooting and testing equipment, and the basis of this engineering is the production and distribution of electrical power on a large scale, and this is done through the application of a series of fields Scientific such as: aspects of electricity from physics, mathematics, electromagnetism and electronics in all systems, whether small or large.

Electrical engineering applications also include transmission networks, lighting, heating and ventilation systems, lifting systems, power generation and distribution, renewable energy, manufacturing, and construction.  and craftsmen, testing fixtures, analyzing data, and making sure work complies with health and safety laws.

The areas covered by electrical engineering

The electrical engineer undertakes the task of designing all products that use or produce electricity as electrical engineering includes many fields, the most important of which are:

Telecommunications

Telecommunication engineering deals with the transmission of information at a distance and is closely related to the transmission of data through the encoding compression and encoding of all information.    Now the interest in various digital and wireless networks has increased, because the modern era requires the transmission of information in a fast and secure manner, and communication systems currently include many examples such as: radio, television, telephone system, and computer networks.    GPS satellite systems microwave transmission lines.

Communication engineers, as mentioned above, specialize in transmitting data remotely from the source to the receiver and vice versa, which is why they are sometimes called (sent signal processing engineers), and their task is to design communication systems. Transmit information, improve it and make it more efficient, based on the study of principles relating to these systems; Such as various modulation schemes (such as AM and FM), noise suppression, various transmission modes, computer networks, telecom electrical engineers may work on large infrastructure projects, for major telecom service providers, large private industrial groups, specialized and technically advanced service and technology providers.

the computer

Electrical engineers specialize in computing within a branch of engineering called computer engineering, which is the most popular engineering discipline due to the high demand for computers and other related systems, and this field is not limited to computers, but includes many other devices such as game players (modules game control), the engineer's job is to build and design computer parts, so that the software engineer and computer scientists can program them; Such as electronic components, power supplies, sensors, disk drives and storage devices.

control

A control engineer specializes in designing control units that make systems behave in certain ways, using microcontrollers, programmable logic controllers, digital signal processors, and electrical circuits.  Various control units or devices operate based on one or more physical factors. Specify it on the device, such as temperature, altitude, or speed. These devices include a simple thermostat in a home oven, speed and emissions controls in a car, autopilots in modern jets and spacecraft, and control of prosthetics in biomedical applications and robotics in factories. and so on.

The principle of operation of controllers is to measure the behavior of the devices to determine the difference from the desired behavior, and then change or modify the inputs of the system to approximate the actual behavior of the desired behavior.   The field of control is an important area for a number of needs in modern life. Such as controlling emissions to achieve a cleaner environment, automating factories, exploring unoccupied and underwater spaces, and controlling communications networks.  devices, and to achieve this, the control engineer must be familiar with computer programs and components, the ability to discover and solve new problems.

electronics

Electronic engineering is also included in electrical engineering, a discipline that deals with electronic components or circuits, the task of which resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors, to obtain certain functions after their assembly, and examples of these circuits are those used in radio which allows the user to filter all channels except one, and it is called the tuned circuit circuit.

Microelectronics

the performance of computers, personal electronics, car electronics, mobile phones, smartphones, lasers, etc.  And the discovery, transmission, distribution, modification and amplification of electrical energy and information, and among the important fields of this specialization include materials science, chemistry, physics, optics and electromagnetic theory.

Other fields

Power Systems: This field deals with the generation, distribution and control of electrical energy. Power systems include: electromechanical transformers, motors, generators and transformers. Among the technical challenges facing this major are: maintaining the stability of energy systems and potential new energy sources. and emerging technologies such as magnetic trains and the use of high-temperature superconductors in electrical machines.

Signal Processing: This field deals with signal processing and analysis, and the design and analysis of hardware needed to perform the processing. It is an important specialization for a number of fields. Such as communications, control, image and video processing, radar, sonar, geophysical exploration and consumer electronics. Signs include two main types:

• Analog signals: These signals vary continuously depending on the information transmitted and are processed by amplifying and filtering audio signals for audio devices, or by modulating and removing communications signals. 
• Digital signals: These signals are distinguished based on a series of discrete values that represent information, and their processing includes error detection, correction, or even compression.

Instrumentation Engineering: (Hardware Engineering) The job of a hardware engineer is to design instruments for measuring physical quantities; Like pressure, flow, and temperature gauges, their work requires extensive knowledge of electromagnetic physics and theory, and these devices are often used as sensors within larger electrical systems to control a particular agent. Control engineering major.

Electrophysics: An electrophysics engineer designs complex devices used in most modern electronics based on the basic principles of physics, as it is a discipline that combines physics, electrical engineering, and computer engineering.   Detectors, microwaves, particle beams, nanotechnology, magnetism, and electromagnetic phenomena of all wavelengths, from X-rays to radio waves.

The nature of the work of electrical engineers

The nature of work for electrical engineers is very diverse, as it includes work on various projects such as computers, robotics, mobile phones, cards, radars, navigation systems, cables, lighting in buildings and other types of electrical systems.   Electrical engineers develop and maintain systems by using computer-aided design (CAD) systems to draw electrical circuits

Encouraging reasons to study electrical engineering

• Growing Demand: The demand for electrical engineering professionals has increased recently due to the continuous and rapid expansion of technologies in the modern era, which made it easier to get a job in this field after graduation. 
• Global Opportunities - Electrical engineering offers many global and local opportunities, and working in some of them requires the opportunity to travel and travel around the world. 
• Reliance on personal skills: The electrical engineer can solve and develop various equipment problems, thanks to the skills and information that allow him to understand the nature of the work of these devices. 
•  Fun Study: Electrical Engineering is for people who love to test and assemble tools, materials, and equipment. Working in electrical engineering involves being innovative most of the time, putting the pieces together to always have something new.
• Forefront of future technologies: Thanks to the continuous development of technology, electrical engineering is placed at the forefront of the disciplines of the future, bringing technology into robotics, transportation, construction and medical care.

The most important scientists in the field of electrical engineering

Among the most important scientists who studied electrical phenomena in the past after these phenomena caught their attention since the seventeenth century:

•     Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert.
• Jorge Simon Homme.
• Hans Christian Ørsted.
•     Andre Marie Amber.
•     Alexander Volta.
• Joseph Henry.
• Michael Faraday. 

    Electrical engineering emerged as a separate discipline in 1864 AD, after Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell formulated the basic laws of electricity using mathematical formulas, and also showed that rays of electromagnetic energy travel through space at a speed similar to light.