How to discover oil

 definition of oil

Petroleum can be defined as a complex mixture of different organic molecules called hydrocarbons, which are carbon and hydrogen. etc; This is due to the diversity of organisms, sediments and other environmental factors involved in the formation of the oil. Crude oil is formed underground; As a result of being subjected to different pressures depending on the depth, it can contain a large amount of natural gas and groundwater can flow into the oil well to mix with crude oil and gas, and during the extraction process each component is separated. .  Separately, when clean crude oil is sent to storage near atmospheric pressure, it is also transported from production sites to processing plants and refineries via pipelines, tow trucks and railroad cars, and petroleum products are transported abroad by tankers of more than 3,000,000 barrels.  With a capacity of more than 100,000 barrels, crude oil is classified as sweet or sour, depending on the level of sulfur in it. May contain sulfur or compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide. The excess sulfur in the crude oil is then removed during the refining process; Because sulfur oxides, which are released into the atmosphere during the combustion of oil, are one of the main pollutants in the environment.

The beginning of man's discovery of oil

The presence of oil was first discovered in the fourth century AD, when Chinese workers drilled the first oil well in the People's Republic of China, where the oil was burned to produce salt through the evaporation of salt water, and in the eighth century AD, petroleum bitumen was used to pave the roads of New Baghdad.  In the 9th century AD, Azerbaijan explored for oil fields; To obtain oil cheaply, the Chinese as early as the 10th century AD used bamboo pipes. To deliver water from salt water sources, the modern history of petroleum began in AD 1853, when the process of petroleum distillation was discovered. In order to obtain kerosene, the oil industry was first created in America in 1859 AD, thanks to the discovery of oil by Edwin Drake. And in the East Indies, Iran, Venezuela and Mexico, where it was developed and exploited industrially.

The discovery of oil in the Arab countries

Oil exploration continued until it reached the Arab countries, and we mention below how the presence of oil was discovered in some Arab countries:

• Egypt: The presence of oil was first discovered in Egypt in 1868, in the Jasma area on the western shore of the Gulf of Suez. Excavation and exploration operations began in 1885, and as for oil production, it began in 1909, and exploration and research operations extended to the western Egyptian desert, the Nile Delta and the Gulf of Suez Basin, the main source of oil in Egypt.  ; It produces about 90% of the country's oil.
• Oil exploration began there in 1925, through the Iraq Petroleum Company, which discovered the Kirkuk field in 1927, the Zubair field in 1948, and the Rumaila field. In 1953 AD, Majnoon Field in 1977 AD, in addition to some other European and American companies, which participated in stakes with the Iraqi Company, but in 1975 the Iraqi government nationalized oil.   To be researched and produced directly, by "Compañía Nacional del Petróleo".
• The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The presence of oil was discovered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on March 3, 1938 AD, which later became one of the largest oil exporters in the world.   And he discovered the "Dammam" field, which produces oil in large quantities, amounting to one hundred thousand barrels per day, in addition to the discovery of the "Ghawar" and "Safania" fields.   These discoveries changed the physical, human, and political geography of Saudi Arabia, the Middle East, and the world. The economy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia depended mainly on income from tourism and the demand of Muslims to perform Hajj and Umrah rituals until the discovery of oil. This led to the establishment of a solid infrastructure and the strengthening of diplomatic relations with other countries so that oil constitutes 92% of the general budget of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Bahrain: The first oil discovery in Bahrain was made in 1932 AD by the American company (in English: satndard oil of California), which was granted the right to explore for oil in all the lands of Bahrain.
• Kuwait: The discovery of oil in commercial quantities in Kuwait began in 1938, in the "Burgan Al Kabeer" field, through the "Kuwait Oil Company Limited", which was granted the concession in 1934, and production took place, the real oil in 1946.   
• United Arab Emirates: The first oil discovery in the Emirates, in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in 1950 AD, was made by the Iraq Petroleum Company. The exploration of oil in the submerged areas under water was carried out by the French and British Petroleum Corporation. The first oil discovery in the Emirate of Dubai was in 1966. Where it was known as the "Fatah" field, and another field was discovered in the south, and it was called "Fatah Southwest". Actual oil production began in the UAE in 1969.
•  Qatar: The first oil field was discovered in Qatar in 1938 AD, and it was known as "Dukhan", as the Anglo-Iranian company took over the process of searching for and extracting oil, and three large fields were discovered in offshore areas that produce huge quantities of oil to this day.