field of artificial intelligence

 

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is known by the acronym (AI), and refers to programming machines to be able to simulate human intelligence to be able to think like humans and imitate their actions, and this term is given to any machine capable of showing characteristics similar to humans.  of the human mind such as learning and the ability to solve problems. Artificial intelligence is able to choose the best actions to achieve a specific goal with the best possible opportunity, and it also has the advantage of machine learning where programs within computers they can learn from new data that is entered into them, which is very large amounts of unstructured data such as: text, images, or video, and then automatically adapt to this data without human assistance

It should be noted that the term artificial intelligence was first used in the mid-1950s by Stanford University researcher John McCarthy.

The history of artificial intelligence

• The idea of ​​inventing inanimate beings similar to intelligent living beings started a long time ago, 
• Classical philosophers described human thought as resembling a symbolic system, hence the idea of ​​artificial intelligence began to emerge.
•  The term artificial intelligence appeared in 1956 at a conference at Dartmouth College in Hannover.
• The interest in the field of artificial intelligence decreased and the proportion of government funding for it decreased in the period between 1974-1980, as a result of the appearance of many reports criticizing the progress in this field, and this period was called the winter of artificial intelligence.  
•  The British government began funding AI in the 1980s and has recovered to rival the efforts of the Japanese.
• The winter period for this field returned in the period 1987-1993 AD, due again to declining government funding and the collapse of the computer market.
•  The Deep Blue chess computer, made by IBM, defeated Russian chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, and the field began to pick up again. The Watson computer system won the title in the 2011 Watson competition (Jeopardy).
•  The computer program that Eugene Gustman speaks in the Turing Test was able to fool the judges into believing that he was a real human being, and the Turing Test is a competition to assess whether a machine is intelligent or not, developed by a British mathematician in the 1950s.  
•  Many experts believed that the Turing test was not an accurate measure of AI, so some considered developing an updated version.
• The field of artificial intelligence has become a broad field that is not only interested in inventing a machine that simulates human intelligence, but has become more than that.

The importance of artificial intelligence

 The importance of artificial intelligence lies in its ability to add significant value to many sectors around the world and gives companies a significant competitive advantage, and the following is part of its importance:

• Healthcare: AI is used in healthcare in areas that lack an advanced healthcare system. Through AI-powered applications, potential epidemics are identified early, diagnosed through imaging, and treated.
• Agriculture: AI addresses the challenges facing agriculture from excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers, and fungicides, unpredictability of product demand, and lack of proper crop irrigation, as it improves crop production through its ability to detect the presence of pests and forecast crop prices.  and provide useful advice at the right time.
• Retail: Applications that use artificial intelligence constantly improve the user's experience in buying products, providing personalized suggestions, searching in the browser and looking at products through images, which are used to predict customer demand, improve inventory management and manage delivery effectively.
• Energy: It is used to balance energy and store it efficiently in renewable energy systems. This also includes the use of smart meters to improve the affordability of solar energy.
• Manufacturing: It is used in the development of technical systems used to make them adaptable, flexible and capable of making intelligent decisions in unexpected situations and responding to them, and can be applied in the field of engineering, supply chain management, production and maintenance, quality assurance and storage in warehouses.

Disadvantages of artificial intelligence

• One of the causes of unemployment, due to robots doing jobs, is one of the applications of artificial intelligence.
•  It causes great danger to humans if it is used incorrectly or if one of its devices is left in the wrong hands.
•  Sometimes it causes deaths, through the use of automatic weapons, which are artificial intelligence systems, and it can also lead to an artificial intelligence war, which causes great losses, since humans can lose control of the same and it is difficult for them.     to do it to stop it
•  The use of artificial intelligence is a dangerous and wrong way to achieve a certain goal, and this happens when the work of artificial intelligence does not match the human goal, for example, a sharp intelligent system can be programmed to implement a geological project and can result in a dangerous side effect in the ecosystem, where these applications are not implemented with a person wants it, and literally does